先天性角膜混浊患儿的临床特征分析

目的　分析先天性角膜混浊（congenital corneal opacities,CCO）患儿的临床特征,为其诊断及治疗提供依据。方法　回顾性分析2017年1月1日至12月31日在我院接受手术治疗的CCO患儿的临床资料,包括CCO患儿一般特征及临床分类、患病单双侧、相关的眼部和全身异常、病理改变和接受的治疗等资料。结果　本研究纳入66例（93眼）CCO患儿,其中年龄3~36（13.11±9.63）个月,39例（59.1％）为单眼患病,最常见的临床类型是Peters异常（32例,48.5%）和角膜巩膜化（15例,22.7%）;虹膜粘连（61眼,65.6％）和白内障（22眼,23.7％）是两种最常见的眼部异常;5例（7.6％）患儿出现全身异常,包括生长迟缓（4例）和先天性脑缺陷（1例）。93眼中85眼（91.4％）进行了穿透性角膜移植术,6眼（6.5％）进行了板层角膜移植术。结论　年龄≤3岁的CCO患儿中最常见的临床类型为Peters异常及角膜巩膜化;除角膜混浊外,CCO患儿还可能存在虹膜粘连、白内障等眼部异常或生长迟缓等全身异常;穿透性角膜移植术为治疗CCO的主要手术方法。     

基于单中心FS-LASIK术中前房气泡的临床观察

目的：探讨飞秒激光制瓣LASIK（FS-LASIK）术中前房气泡的发生率、危险因素、发生机制及对手 术效果和角膜内皮细胞的影响、处理方法和预防措施。方法：回顾性系列病例研究。选择2012年 2月至2017年11月在中国人民解放军第三二二医院眼科屈光中心自愿接受FS-LASIK且术前常规检 查确认为符合手术适应证的患者1 379例（2 749眼）,将发生前房气泡患者的气泡眼作为观察组,将 患者对侧未发生前房气泡的眼作为对照组。统计分析术中发生前房气泡患者的裸眼视力（UCVA）、 最佳矫正视力（BCVA）、角膜曲率、角膜厚度、前房深度、等效球镜度（SE）、角膜直径、角膜内皮细 胞密度、角膜内皮细胞面积的变异系数、六边形角膜内皮细胞比率、眼压等手术前后相关参数。采 用定量数据重复测量方差分析、t检验对数据进行分析。结果：1 379例（2 749眼）患者中25例（27眼） 发生前房气泡,发生率0.98%。术中观察发现气泡均由房角移动至瞳孔区,鼻侧12眼（44%）、颞侧 9眼（33%）、下方4眼（15%）、上方2眼（7%）。Ⅰ级前房气泡16眼（59%）、Ⅱ级10眼（37%）、Ⅲ级 1眼（4%）,Ⅲ级气泡影响自动识别跟踪,需在手动跟踪模式下完成准分子激光切削。术中观察还发现 在进行准分子激光角膜基质切削时气泡在前房内发生了较高频率的振动。观察组（23眼）与对照组 （23眼）比较,角膜直径、曲率、厚度及前房深度、眼压、术前SE、术后SE、术前BCVA、术后UCVA 组间差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但发生前房气泡的患者（25例）角膜直径[（11.11±0.31）mm] 与未发生前房气泡的患者（1 354例）角膜直径[（11.51±0.33）mm]比较差异有统计学意义（t=-3.28, P=0.003）。角膜内皮细胞密度组间差异有统计学意义（F分组=2.486,P分组=0.022）,组内各时间点比 较差异无统计学意义（F时间=1.342,P时间=0.260）。六角形角膜内皮细胞组间差异无统计学意义（F分组 =0.469,P分组=0.497）,组内各时间点比较差异有统计学意义（F时间=5.966,P时间=0.004）。角膜内皮细 胞面积变异系数组间差异无统计学意义（F分组=0.106,P分组=0.746）,组内各时间点差异有统计学意义 （F时间=21.248,P时间<0.001）。结论：前房气泡的产生可能受到术者个人因素、患者种族差异、设备类型、 角膜直径、角膜瓣直径、小梁网位置、pocket深度等多种因素的影响。气泡可能经小梁网逆行进入 前房,致角膜内皮细胞损害。降低前房气泡发生率,可有效提高术后视觉质量。     

Pentacam眼前节分析仪和Keratron Scout角膜地形图仪测量瞳孔偏移量的对比研究

目的：评价Pentacam眼前节分析仪和Keratron Scout角膜地形图仪测量瞳孔偏移量(pupillary offset)的差异和一致性。

方法：随机选取2017-11/2018-02在我院行准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)的患者311例604眼。术前应用Pentacam眼前节分析仪和Keratron Scout角膜地形图仪测量患者瞳孔偏移量,比较两种仪器测量结果的差异性和一致性。

结果：Pentacam眼前节分析仪和Keratron Scout角膜地形图仪测量的右眼、左眼、双眼总的offset值均有差异(P<0.05)。两种仪器测量的右眼、左眼、双眼offset轴向均无差异(P>0.05)。两种仪器测量的右眼offset值、offset轴向95%一致性界线(LoA)分别为-0.11～0.19mm、-157.01°～135.35°。左眼offset值、offset轴向95% LoA分别为-0.12～0.18mm、-150.16°～158.22°。双眼offset值、offset轴向95%LoA分别为-0.11～0.19mm、-154.30°～147.10°。

结论：Pentacam眼前节分析仪测量的瞳孔偏移量比Keratron Scout角膜地形图仪的测量值小,差异在临床可以接受的范围内。两种仪器均可以获得准确的瞳孔偏移量数据,可相互参考、校正和补充。     

成人睫状肌麻痹前后屈光度变化及其影响因素的流行病学研究

目的探讨成人睫状肌麻痹前后屈光度变化及其影响因素的流行病学特点。 方法收集2012年5月至2013年6月在中国河北省邯郸永年县进行眼科屈光检查710例(1410只眼)的资料。其中,男性364例(721只眼),女性346例(689只眼);年龄30~83岁,平均年龄(50.9±10.3)岁。采用自动电脑验光仪检测所有受检者睫状肌麻痹前后的屈光度。采用眼科A型超声检查所有受检者睫状肌麻痹前的眼部生物学参数。所有受检者睫状肌麻痹前后等效球镜(SE)的描述采用均数±标准差表示,两者的比较采用配对t检验。不同年龄受检者睫状肌麻痹前后SE的一致性,采用Bland-Altman plots进行评估。不同性别间睫状肌麻痹后SE与睫状肌麻痹前角膜曲率K值(K)、前房深度(ACD)、眼轴长度(AL)、睫状肌麻痹后中央角膜厚度(LT)、晶状体混浊程度(NO)、晶状体核的颜色(NC)、晶状体皮质(C)及晶状体后囊下混浊的程度(PSC)的比较,采用线性混合模型分析。采用Pearson相关分析检验各屈光指标间的相关性。 结果710例(1410只眼)受检者睫状肌麻痹前的平均SE为(-0.37±1.22)D,睫状肌麻痹后的平均SE为(0.13±1.11)D。经t检验,两者的差异有统计学意义(t＝-25.75,P<0.05)。Bland-Altman plots分析显示睫状肌麻痹后的SE发生远视漂移,且随年龄的增加该漂移逐渐减小。所有受检者睫状肌麻痹前的K值、CCT、ACD及AL,以及睫状肌麻痹后的LT、NO、NC、C及PSC分别为(44.02±1.51)D、(2.88±0.36)mm、(23.07±0.95)mm、(4.52±0.41)mm、(2.72±0.43)、(2.72±0.43)、(0.26±0.63)及(0.13±0.26)。睫状肌麻痹后的LT、NO、NC、C与SE呈正相关。经Pearson相关分析,其相关性具有统计学意义(r＝0.13,0.11,0.11,0.07;P<0.05)。受检者睫状肌麻痹前的K值、ACD、AL及睫状肌麻痹后的PSC与SE呈负相关(r＝-0.12,-0.17,-0.20,-0.13;P<0.05)。近视眼与睫状肌麻痹前的AL、睫状肌麻痹后的NO、NC、C及PSC呈负相关。经Pearson相关分析,其相关性具有统计学意义(r＝-0.22,-0.15,-0.15,-0.14,-0.42;P<0.05)。 结论受检者睫状肌麻痹后SE发生明显的远视漂移,且随年龄增加此现象逐渐减小。睫状肌麻痹前的K、ACD、AL,以及睫状肌麻痹后的LT、NO、NC、C和PSC均与SE相关,其中影响近视眼的因素有AL、NO、NC、C及PSC。     

施奈德结晶状角膜营养不良的分子基础与临床研究进展

施奈德结晶状角膜营养不良(SCCD)是一种稀有的常染色体显性遗传病,其发病部位在眼角膜,伴有结晶状沉淀,双眼发病,家族遗传性,男女患病几率均等。临床研究揭示角膜结晶状混浊化成因是胆固醇、磷脂等脂质在角膜上皮下和基质中异常积累。SCCD的发生与UBIAD1基因突变后脂质代谢异常有关,但是致病的分子机制未知。本文综述了SCCD的发现发展历史、发病分子基础与临床研究,为SCCD的诊疗以及致病分子机制的阐明提供参考。     

Endoscopic transnasal canaliculorhinostomy for refractory common canalicular obstruction with an unidentifiable lacrimal sac

AIM: To compare the safety and efficacy of conventional versus accelerated (9 mW/cm2) CXL in progressive keratoconus at the 2-year follow-up. METHODS: In this prospective study, consecutive progressive keratoconus patients were randomized to receive either conventional CXL (CCXL) or accelerated CXL (ACXL, using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-assisted riboflavin imbibition for 10min) at 9 mW/cm2. Visual, refractive, keratometric, topographic, and aberrometric outcomes and stromal demarcation line depth (DLD) measurements were compared at the end of a 2-year follow-up. RESULTS: Thirty-two eyes from 32 patients in the CCXL and 27 eyes from 27 patients in the ACXL groups completed 2-year follow-ups. At 2 years post-CXL, both uncorrected and corrected visual acuities improved significantly in both groups. The improvements in keratometric readings, flattening rate (flattening of the Kmax more than 1D), 3 topographic indices, and vertical coma were significantly better in the CCXL group compared to the ACXL group (P<0.05). The DLD as measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography or in vivo confocal microscopy was better detectable and significantly deeper in the CCXL group compared to the ACXL group. The deeper DLD was found to be significantly correlated with improvements in the mean keratometry measurements. Progression was noted in 11.1% of eyes in the ACXL group, whereas progression was not observed in any patient eye in the CCXL group. CONCLUSION: In this prospective randomized study, ACXL was less effective in halting the progression of keratoconus at a 2-year follow-up compared to CCXL.     

LncRNA SNHG15 predicts poor prognosis in uveal melanoma and its potential pathways

AIM: To evaluate the inter-device agreement of corneal curvature between Pentacam and a swept-source Fourier-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in ectopia lentis patients. MethodS: Totally 72 eyes from 72 ectopia lentis patients were recruited. Central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal curvature values and corneal astigmatism were obtained from both the Pentacam and AS-OCT (CASIA2). Repeatability was evaluated for both devices. The coefficient of repeatability (COR) and the relative COR was calculated. Bland-Altman plots were performed to assess the inter-device agreement of measurement. Orthogonal linear regression was used to assess any proportional bias. Results: The mean difference of CCT, flat anterior corneal curvature (anterior Kf), steep anterior corneal curvature (anterior KS), anterior corneal astigmatism (ACA), flat posterior corneal curvature (posterior Kf), steep posterior corneal curvature (posterior KS), posterior corneal astigmatism (PCA), flat true net power (TNP Kf), steep true net power (TNP KS) and total corneal astigmatism (TCA) between Pentacam and CASIA2 were 7.03±9.70 μm, -0.27±0.35 D, -0.19±0.41 D, 0.04±0.47 D, -0.11±0.11 D, -0.17±0.23 D, -0.02±1.02 D -0.52±0.46 D, -0.41±0.43 D, and -0.15±0.96 D, respectively. For measurement of TNP Kf with the Pentacam and CASIA2, a mean difference of 0.52 D and COR of 0.90 with P=0.020 was detected. There was no significant difference in CCT (P=0.393), anterior Kf (P=0.107), anterior Ks (P=0.414), ACA (P=0.131), posterior Kf (P=0.286), posterior Ks (P=0.418), PCA (P=0.105), TNP Ks (P=0.054), and TCA (P=0.977) between Pentacam and CASIA2. Conclusion: Our study indicates generally good agreement of CCT, corneal curvature and corneal astigmatism measurement by the Pentacam and CASIA2 in ectopia lentis patients. However, there was significant difference for CCT and corneal curvature values obtained by the two devices.     

Benchmarking evaluation of five PHMB-based multi-purpose solutions and a silicone hydrogel contact lens

AIM: To evaluate and compare the clinical performance of 5 kinds of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) based multi-purpose solutions (MPS) manufactured in China when used with a commercially available silicone hydrogel contact lens in terms of solution-induced corneal staining (SICS), ocular response (corneal staining and ocular hyperemia), corneal infiltrative event (CIEs) and ocular comfort. METHODS: This was a prospective, open label, randomized, parallel group clinical trial. Totally 162 participants (Pxs) who were at least 18y were enrolled and randomized into 5 groups of PHMB-based MPS made in China: Complete? MPS, Hydron? Aqua-shining moist, Baoshining?, Weicon? Fresh, Weicon? 2000 MPS (abbreviated as C, H, B, W, and W2). All participants wore balafilcon A contact lenses with monthly disposal (Bausch & Lomb Purevision?) in conjunction with the designated MPS on a daily wear for 3mo. Clinical visits were at baseline, 2wk, 1mo and 3mo. SICS and CIE were reported as first event incidence per 100 Px-months. Ocular response was graded on 0-4 scale in 0.5 steps (0=none, 4=severe) and ocular comfort was assessed via a numeric rating scale (1-10 in 1-point steps, 1=poor, 10=excellent). Ocular comfort and ocular response variables were analysed using linear mixed model. CIE and SICS were analysed using Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression. RESULTS: There were 36 (22%) Pxs who dropped out. SICS incidence for each MPS were: H (26.3%), B (20.8%), W (19.4%), W2 (13.4%), C (12.8%). The SICS rate of H was significantly different to W2 (P=0.012) and C (P=0.005). There were no significant differences in ocular response, CIE incidence and ocular comfort between different MPSs (P>0.05). Pxs with SICS had significantly lower comfort during the day and at the end of than those who did not have SICS. CONCLUSION: Differences in SICS incidence are found between MPSs but not for CIE incidence, ocular response or ocular comfort. SICS in PHMB-based MPS is found to be associated with ocular discomfort. More MPS/lens combinations should be studied in the future.